Polygonatum cyrtonema Lectin (PCL) - Pure
Price: Regular price $231.62
Product Description
Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin (PCL) is isolated from Solomon's Seal seeds and affinity purified. This lectin is a dimer with an estimated molecular weight of 4.2 kDa and has agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes. PCL is specific to mannose/sialic acid and is one of the GNA-related lectins (formerly named the mannose binding lectin family). In the β-prism II fold of PCL exists three carbohydrate binding sites, with two sites holding the essential amino acids for recognizing mannose. The third carbohydrate binding site contains amino acid substitutions that causes PCL to have less affinity for mannose than other GNA-related lectins, but also allows for sialic acid binding. This non-mannose binding site sets PCL apart, giving it potential as an influenza A treatment that utilizes competitive binding of sialic-acid specific retrovirus infections. In cancer research, PCL has been shown to induce apoptosis via activation of the caspase-dependent, Ras-Raf, PI3K-Akt, and mitochondria-mediated p53 pathways. PCL also induces autophagic effects by blocking the same Ras-Raf and PI3K-Akt pathways that induce apoptosis, so intricate maintenance of these pathways is essential for PCL-induced cancers to progress. Pure PCL can be used for blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques. This product comes in a lyophilized form and is stable for more than three years when stored below -20°C.
Specifications:
- Source: Polygonatum cyrtonema (Soloman's Seal)
- Carbohydrate Specificity: Mannose, Sialic acid
- Inhibitory Carbohydrate: Mannose, Sialic acid, Thyroglobulin
- Divalent ions required: None
Binding Site
The lectin isolated from Polygonatum cyrtonema is a monocot mannose-binding lectin. PCL contains one active sialic acid-binding site and three mannose-binding sites but only one of the three putative mannose-binding sites is active. PCL can specifically bind to mannose, and the amino acid residues of CBSs of PCL are Gln, Asp, Asn, and Tyr, which bind to the O2, O3, and O4 of mannose through a network of hydrogen bonds. Many auxiliary interactions to stabilize binding including nonpolar van der Waals interactions. Effects of Chemical modification on hemagglutination and mitogenic activities The modification of carboxyl group residues by EDC resulted in the complete abrogation and 26% decrease in the hemagglutinating activity and mitogenic activity, respectively. Modification of Lys residues using TNBS resulted in 25% and 15% decrease in the agglutination and mitogenic activity, respectively.
Functionalized forms are available upon inquiry.
Technical Specifications
| Abbreviation | : | PCL |
| Material Source: | : | Giant Chinese Solomon's Seal |
| Conjugate: | : | None |
| Molecular Weight: | : | Not determined |
| Appearance Form: | : | Powder |
| Appearance Color: | : | White to off-white |
| Purity: | : | Affinity-purified |
| Shelf Life: | : | 2 years |
| Blood Group Specificity: | : | Not determined |
| Preferred Sugar Specificity: | : | Mannose, Sialic Acid |
| Inhibiting or Eluting Sugar: | : | Mannose |
| Divalent Ions: | : | None Required |
| Mitogenic Activity: | : | No |
| Lyophilized or Liquid | : | Lyophilized |
| Storage Temperature: | : | -20ºC |
| Hazardous Shipping: | : | Non-hazardous |
Applications
- Polygonum cyrtonema lectin (PCL), a mannose/sialic acid lectin, has contributed significantly to potent anticancer activity with concomitant low cytotoxicity to the normal non-transformed cells [1].
- In A375 melanoma cells, PCL induces mitochondrial apoptosis through the inhibition of glutathione antioxidant system, leading to the release of ROS which activates the p38 and p53 pathways [2].
- PCL suppresses the activation of Ras and PI3K Akt signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in fibrosarcoma L929cells [3].
- PCL promotes apoptosis through the activation of MAPK and NF-kβ pathways via ROS generation in lung cancer A549 cells [4].
- Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin has very strong inhibitory action on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and an inhibitory effect on prostate cancer [7].
- PCL can effectively inhibit the proliferation of human cervical cancer Hela cells, show cytotoxicity to Hela cells, and increased caspase-3 activity in Hela cells [7].
- It induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death in breast cancer cells MCF7 [8].
References
- Liu, B., Cheng, Y., Bian, H. J., & Bao, J. K. (2009). Molecular mechanisms of Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Autophagy, 5(2), 253-255.
- Liu, B., Xu, X.-C., Cheng, Y., Huang, J., Liu, Y.-H., Liu, Z., … Bao, J.-K. (2008). Apoptosis-inducing effect and structural basis of Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin and chemical modification properties on its mannose-binding sites. BMB Reports , 41 (5), 369–375. https://doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.5.369
- Liu, B., Cheng, Y., Zhang, B., Bian, H. J., & Bao, J. K. (2009). Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A375 cells through a mitochondria-mediated ROS-p38-p53 pathway. Cancer letters, 275(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2008.09.042
- Liu, B., Wu, J. M., Li, J., Liu, J. J., Li, W. W., Li, C. Y., Xu, H. L., & Bao, J. K. (2010). Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces murine fibrosarcoma L929 cell apoptosis and autophagy via blocking Ras-Raf and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Biochimie, 92(12), 1934–1938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2010.08.009
- Liu, T., Wu, L., Wang, D., Wang, H., Chen, J., Yang, C., Bao, J., & Wu, C. (2016). Role of reactive oxygen species-mediated MAPK and NF-κB activation in polygonatum cyrtonema lectin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Journal of biochemistry, 160(6), 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvw040
- BAO JINKU WU. Application of polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. Lectin II protein in medicine preparation for treating or preventing AIDS. China Unexamined APPLIC. open to Public inspection CN20061005577. 20 Apr 2004.
- Ouyang, L., Chen, Y., Wang, X. Y., Lu, R. F., Zhang, S. Y., Tian, M., Xie, T., Liu, B., & He, G. (2014). Polygonatum odoratum lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy via targeting EGFR-mediated Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 21(12), 1658–1665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.002
- Chen, Y., Lu, K., Li, J., Liang, D., Luo, H., Wang, X., Wang, X., & Bao, J. (2017). Structure and function analysis of Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin by site-directed mutagenesis. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica, 49(12), 1099–1111. https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmx116
